Ch.2 What’s the Matter?
Stuff around us is made of matter (mass and volume)
It is organized using official categories:
states- solid(s), liquid(l), gas(g), aqueous(aq), gels, plasma,
Classification of Matter will be done using the official terms:
(See Sheet B1)
SUBSTANCES
Pure Mixtures
Elements Compounds Hetero Homo
Metals Nonmetals Ionic Molecular Mechanical mixture
Suspension
Alloys Acid Solution Base Salt
Colloid
What kind of substance is ….
Air- a mixture of elements(N2, O2) and compounds(CO2, H2O)
Separating mixtures is done using separation methods such as:
a. distillation – boiling off the solvent
b. paper chromatography
c. filter or distillation
d. magnet
e. dissolving and filtering
Remember P.T.
Metals, Non-metals,
Atoms vs ions
Covalent vs Ionic Compounds
Two or more non-metals: CO2 , CO, NO2 NF3, C6H12O6 (glucose) CH4 CCl4 NH3 |
Metal + Nonmetal
CoCl2 , H2O Fe(ClO)2 NaCl, MgI2 KBr |
Molecular Substances J L
(see page B3,B4)
- the compound is made of separate molecules (one or more atom)
- Who?
the non-metals with each other
diatomic elements
noble gases
P4, S8, Cn, Sin
NOMENCLATURE
- THE OFFICIAL METHOD FOR NAMING COMPOUNDS
USING IUPAC RULES.
(International Union Pure and Applied Chemists)
Category I
- The molecular compounds with “common names” because they are so common.
Ozone, water ammonia, methane, sucrose,methanol, ethanol , hydrogen peroxide
Glucose C6H12O6
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
Hydrochloric Acid HCl
Nitric Acid HNO3
Category 2
Molecular substances as identified by compounds formed between two non-metals.
These compounds do not follow the rules of combining capacity or valence but form molecules depending on the conditions.
We just have to know how to count the atoms and use latin prefixes to name the compound.
1 –mono
2 – di
3 – tri
4 – tetra
5 – penta
6 – hexa
7 – hepta
8 – octa
9 – nona
10 – deca
Examples:
CO - don’t use “mono” on the first element only the second
with Oxygen drop one of the “O’s”
P2O4 - Diphosphorous tetraoxide
Complete Sheet 1 - Nomenclature of Molecular Substances
Heath Text – p55. review Q. 1, 2
Q1
a. Monosilicon monocarbide or Silicon monocarbide
b. Carbon disulfide
c. Sulfur hexafluoride
d. Oxygen difluoride
e Sulfur dioxide
f. Sulfur trioxide
g. Dinitrogen pentaoxide
h. Nitrogen monoxide (Nitric oxide – corrosive)
(Nitrous oxide, N2O = laughing gas, fuel additive)
Q2.
a. ClO2
b. Cl2O
c. IBr3
d. NI3
e. P2O4