ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

- Chemicals that contain Carbon

(except Carbon diamond and graphite, oxides CO₂ , carbonate Na₂CO₃  , carbides C₂W, cyanides SCN)

- 1807 Berzelius – organic meant from living organisms

- 1828 Wohler – synthesized an organic molecule Urea from inorganic reactants

… lead to the definition of organic meaning Carbon containing not

“from living organisms.”

Famous Organic Compounds:

plastic, pvc (polyvinylchloride), nylon, cotton, cellulose (wood), flower perfumes (pheremones), fats, proteins, glucose (monosaccharide), sucrose, starch, glue, soap (fat), gasoline , alcohol, kerosene, diesel, natural gas, oil, wax, vitamins, explosives, …

The Structure of Carbon

Lewis Structure

3-D structure (tetrahedral)

Forms 4 bonds covalently

Naming Straight Chained Hydrocarbons (ALKANES)

Categories of Organic Compounds

1.  ALKANES(straight chained)

- hydrocarbons with only single bonds to H (saturated)

see table page H3

methane…..    decane

- Properties – longer the chain the more it is solid-like at room temp

eg.   Methane…. octane…..paraffin wax

           CH₄         C₈H₁₈        C₂₆H₅₄

- General formula

C_nH _2n+2

_{Naming Branched Chained Alkanes}

_{1.  Find the longest chain/ backbone}

      _{Circle and number it.}

 _{2.  Find the Alkyl groups}

     _{Circle and name.}

_{3.  Use the complexity rule (simple to complex) to name}

_{use commas, dashes and prefixes di,tri, tetra…}